Could there be something else going on? Lao Zhu raised his eyebrows. Keep reading 【But before the cooperation even started, Gazprom withdrew on its own initiative.】 【The reason for withdrawing was that the difficulty of the West-East Gas Transmission project exceeded their capabilities and 】 【Gazprom was formerly the Ministry of Natural Gas Industry of Damascus, and was also the main component of the Sino-Soviet Petroleum Company. Their withdrawal shows the difficulty of the project here, and it also means that we have gone on a road that they have not walked.】 【After Gazprom withdrew, the cooperation project entered the formal exchange stage】 【In the early stage of the exchange, the working group’s plan was for three foreign-funded companies to form a group, accounting for 30% of the shares, with PetroChina and Sinopec each holding 35%.%】 【However, the three companies disagreed. After multiple rounds of negotiations, the final plan was for the three foreign-funded group companies to each hold 15% of the shares, totaling 45%, Sinopec 5%, and PetroChina 50%. The project cooperation period was 45 years. Everyone reached an agreement. 】 See this.
Lao Zhu couldn't help but feel even more unhappy. Pushing the envelope. It’s knowing that we don’t have the power to build it alone. Taking this opportunity, the lion opened his mouth! Such a huge investment project. Foreign companies accounted for 15% more shares. This is an astronomical profit! "If you fall behind, you will be beaten!" Lao Zhu murmured. But he didn't know. This was just the beginning. 【Although a preliminary agreement was reached on the second plan, the negotiations are far from over.】 【As mentioned earlier, the entire West-East Gas Pipeline project is divided into upper, middle and lower reaches.】 【From the perspective of economic return, the highest rate of return for this project is in the upstream, followed by the downstream, while foreign investment is limited to the midstream pipeline part.】 【Therefore, foreign investment groups hope to enter the upstream and downstream,】 【But at that time, our country’s natural gas market had not yet been developed, and it was impossible to estimate costs and profits, so we could only rely on state-owned enterprises to carry it out.】 【Therefore, if foreign-funded enterprises enter, they will definitely make up for the risks by raising prices for downstream users. Therefore, our attitude is very firm. We cannot let go of the downstream and can only cooperate in the midstream.】 【After being refused to intervene in the upstream and downstream, the two sides could not argue, and the joint venture negotiations came to a standstill.】 【During this period, it even happened that foreign-funded groups privately released news that the cooperation had failed and that we were not determined, and then issued announcements to refute the rumors and deny that the cooperation had failed, in order to put pressure on us.】
【These events had a huge impact on the negotiations. In the end, foreign-funded companies withdrew one after another, leaving only Shell.】 【At this time, we still have great expectations for the joint venture and continue to negotiate with Shell. Sinopec also took the initiative to withdraw from the project, making the negotiations more convenient and efficient.】 【However, Shell later proposed that the project’s rate of return be increased from an estimated 12% to a guaranteed rate of 15%.%】 【The 3% gap is not big, the problem lies in the word guarantee!】 【The West-East Gas Pipeline is a completely market-oriented operation, and the state will not cover the bottom line. The market is risky, and even a 12% rate of return is only the company's estimate.】 【If guaranteed, it is tantamount to direct debt. 】 See this. It's not just Lao Zhu who can't bear it anymore. Countless ancient people also looked angry and resentful "Taking advantage of the situation is simply taking advantage of the situation!" "These foreigners are really bullying others!" "Even though I did not live in the later generations, I also know that the transfer of gas from the west to the east is an important weapon for the country and is of great significance to China. They clearly do not want to see us rise and want to destroy China!" "As the saying goes, it is better to rely on yourself than to rely on others. I think foreigners are not good at all!" "that is! Just do it yourself! I don’t believe that our huge country can’t handle it?" "That's right! That's how it should be!" Countless ancient people were chirping. They were all angered by the popularity of this foreign company. Many people couldn't help but be involved. As if they were in the middle of the negotiation. They shouted that they might as well do it themselves! At this time, said in the sky. : 【This negotiation lasted for two years and involved thousands of meetings.】 【During this period, we have completed most of the construction ourselves, leaving only technical blank areas such as pressurization stations, which require the experience of foreign investment, but we still have not waited for this last point.】 【In August 2004, the negotiations broke down, all foreign investors withdrew, and my country's largest opening-up joint venture project was aborted.】 【PetroChina will have to bear an investment of 140 billion alone, as well as unpredictable risks】 【Money comes second, and most importantly, we will face the technological gap alone!】 【Negotiations broke down, prepare to attack! ] Negotiations broke down.
Prepare to attack! When this line of big characters appeared on the sky. Countless ancient people were shocked! "good! That's how it should be!" "It’s good to be broken, it’s good to be broken! Without the butcher, I don’t believe I can only eat pigs with hair on them!" "That’s right, mountains will fall if you rely on them, and everyone will run away if you rely on them. You have to rely on yourself at all times!" "Isn't it just a matter of laying some pipes? What's so hard about this? I, China, have been able to produce numerous people for thousands of years. When have I ever been stumped?" "Yes, that’s the truth!" When they saw the words that the negotiations had broken down, the ancients were not worried. They even thought it was a good thing. It is true that cooperation with foreign companies and the ability to obtain their technology can indeed make up for the shortcomings in project construction. But compared to Compared with the foreign companies making things difficult for us like what we just saw in the sky, it’s better to do it ourselves! After all, this is a nation that has endured countless hardships head-on. The sky fell. We patched it up. There was a flood. We controlled the water. The mountains blocked the way out. We moved the mountains to build roads! At this moment. This kind of positive suffering and the spirit of hard struggle is vividly reflected in them! Compared with the people who are happy to see this scene. The emperors He thought a little more. The dimension of the Tang Dynasty. After seeing the breakdown of the negotiations, future generations of China would have to face this problem by themselves. Li Er couldn't help but feel a little worried. "For such a huge project, China at that time had no experience to draw from." "Although it is said that expelling foreign companies and not being shackles by others, but......Hey, it’s difficult!" The essence of power is the exchange of interests.
As an emperor, he is a person who plays with power. As an emperor, Li Er's vision is naturally different from that of the common people. In his opinion, if he is in charge of this project, he I am very willing to temporarily give up part of my interests in exchange for the smooth progress of the project. Instead of facing the endless difficulties alone. This is the usual thinking of the emperor. It is not that who is right or wrong. "However, when future generations face such difficulties, they are still in good spirits." Li Er looked at the sky screen. Then he started to look forward to it. Faced with such a complex project, without the help of external technology, how will they overcome the difficulties? In the sky screen, the video entered the next link. And soon. He We will see what potential the world's oldest nation will unleash when faced with difficulties! ......(To read exciting novels, go to Feilu Novel Network!) 【Building a pipeline from the south to the north of the city only requires a few construction teams, but building a 4,000-kilometer high-pressure pipeline for transporting natural gas requires hundreds of industrial categories and tens of thousands of workers.】 【So technically there are two most critical points: pipelines and pressurization】 【Let’s talk about pipelines first】 【The pipeline diameter of the West-East Gas Pipeline is 1016mm. The transmission pressure is more than 10 MPa, which is equivalent to one hundred times the atmospheric pressure.】 【In addition, it has to face the environment such as the desert and Gobi underground, which has strict requirements on the material of steel pipes. It can only be made of X70 high-strength steel.】 【At that time, our country could only produce X60 steel at the highest level.】 【In the budget for the West-East Gas Pipeline, steel pipes account for nearly 50% of the entire project. If they are all imported, it will be a huge sum of money.】 【Therefore, the research and development of steel pipes has become our top priority!】 【In 2001, X70 steel pipe research was included in the national"Tenth Five-Year Plan"】 【Coordinated by the West-East Gas Pipeline Working Group, several companies have been assembled to tackle key problems.】 【The development of steel pipes requires raw materials first and then pipelines. Under the command of the working group, Wugang, Anshan Iron and Steel, Huagang, and China National Petroleum Pipe Research Institute are developing raw steel materials.】 【Baosteel, Huasteel, and Pipe Steel conduct research and development of steel pipe technology.】 【Six major units worked hard to overcome technical difficulties one after another.】
【X70 spiral submerged arc welded pipe and straight seam submerged arc welded pipe were developed, with a production qualification rate of more than 97%, and the supporting welding wire and flux have also been domestically produced!】 【On June 21, 2002, the first batch of domestic X70 grade steel pipes arrived at the site, passed the inspection and acceptance by the working group, and were put into use! 】 In the video. The camera comes to the front line of steel pipe research and development. When you see countless steel workers working day and night on key research and development. After finally developing steel pipe materials that can be used in pipeline transportation. Countless ancient people were inspired! "I’ll just say it! We can definitely do it!" "We, the great China, have nothing that can stump us!" "Although I don’t understand what 100 times the atmospheric pressure means or what X70 steel pipe means, I believe we can do it!" "The steel pipe has been solved, can the rest still stump us?" Seeing the explanation in the canopy. Seeing that later generations of China have overcome the first difficulty in the pipeline. Countless ancients were extremely excited. In the eyes of everyone's expectancy and excitement. The content of the canopy continues to be displayed in countless planes.[] 【The pipeline is completed, and the next pressurization is the real highlight.】 【The West-East Gas Pipeline starts from Lunnan Station in the west and ends at Baihe Town, Shanghai. The main line is 3,843 kilometers long and is connected by a high-strength pipeline. The first station in Lunnan will use pressurization to send natural gas to Shanghai.. 】 The sky screen gives a roadmap for the West-East Gas Transmission project. Visible to the naked eye. This is a huge project spanning the entire China. Starting from the far west of the motherland. Across the country. All the way to the easternmost part of the motherland 【However, the inside of the pipeline is not a vacuum. When natural gas is transported inside the pipeline, the pressure will continue to decrease due to frictional resistance.】 【The drop in pressure will cause the gas volume to increase and the resistance to further increase, creating a vicious cycle.】 【We need to set up pressurizing stations at regular intervals to continuously pressurize the gas. The core equipment of the pressurizing station is the compressor.】 【The principle of compressor is very simple】
【For example, an electric fan is the simplest compressor, which compresses the air behind the fan to the front.】 【You can also think of it as the West-East Gas Pipeline. Every other section, there is a giant fan blowing air in the pipeline to make the natural gas flow faster.】 【The principle is simple, but the implementation is not simple】 【The annual transportation volume of the West-East Gas Pipeline is 12 billion cubic meters, and the transmission pressure is above 10MPa, which means that the compressor must have considerable power.】 【Let’s take the example of an electric fan again. The power of an ordinary electric fan is . The compressor power of the West-East Gas Transmission Station is 30,000kw, which is equivalent to 600,000 electric fans.】 【Such a huge power, coupled with the fact that the compressor station is in the wilderness, means that this compressor cannot be driven by electricity, but can only be driven by fuel, so it is also called a combustion-driven compressor.】 【And there is fuel, which means there is a turbine】 【Imagine a machine that uses fuel, generates power through a turbine, spins a fan, and sprays gas out】 【There is another kind of industrial machinery that has the same principle as it-aeroengine】 【Yes, every combustion-driven compressor in the West-East Gas Pipeline Pressure Station is a genuine aeroengine, but it is called a gas turbine on the ground, and gas turbines and engines are still a pain point in our industry to this day.】 【This is the only difficulty that cannot be overcome in a short time. It can only be imported.】 【The West-East Gas Pipeline has ten compressor stations and a total of 15 gas turbines. There are four international suppliers that can provide such high-power gas turbines: Rolls, General Electric, Solar Turbine, and Pratt & Whitney】 【However, during the bidding process, Pratt & Whitney was stopped by the United States because it involved . military engine technology. Solar Turbine did not meet the requirements and was not selected. Only Rolls and General Electric were left. In the end, we chose the former. 】 In the sky. Then the selected Rolls-Royce Company was introduced. Said Rolls. Most don't understand. But in fact, just see his company 1ogo. Modern people should be able to easily understand their weight. This company's 1ogo is very simple. It's just two R's - yes, it's Rolls-Royce. Rolls-Royce Motor Cars is the automotive division that spun off from this company. 【While importing Rolls compressors, my country has also launched a gas turbine bundled bidding project, packaging gas turbine orders in the industrial and shipbuilding fields to foreign companies, exchanging the market for technology, and introducing manufacturers such as GE, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, and Siemens. Joint venture with Harbin Automobile, Dongqi Automobile, SAIC and Nanjing Automobile to implement localized manufacturing】 【We can give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, and whoever is more sincere will use it!】 【In 2004, Rolls became a supplier for the West-East Gas Transmission!】 【In 2006, GE defeated Rolls-Rolls to become a supplier!】 【In 2008, Rolls took back its suppliers!】 【Three months later, GE returned to its supplier position!】 【In 2009, Rawls took it back again!】
【In 2011, Rawls successfully defended his title!】 【In 2013, Rawls defended his title again!】 【In this way, under the pressure of two peach killings, Rolls and GE companies tried their best to become suppliers of the West-East Gas Transmission! Solve the compressor problem for us!】 【Finally, in 2015, the gas turbine developed by my country Shipping Group passed the acceptance inspection and was successfully ignited on the Third West-East Gas Pipeline, becoming my country's first domestically produced 30-megawatt combustion-driven compressor!】 【In 2000, the West-East Gas Transmission Project was launched, and the entire line was put into operation in 2004!】 【This pipeline has a total length of 4,200 kilometers, crossing the Yellow River, Huaihe River, Yangtze River, Gobi, desert, and plateau. It delivers natural gas 4,000 meters underground in Xinjiang and deposited 65 million years ago to countless families in the east, creating a dense atmosphere in the kitchen. 】 In the sky. The video ends here. The West-East Gas Pipeline is finally completed! When we see that this problem that has plagued the Chinese people in later generations has finally been solved. Although it was a hundred years ago. But all the ancients were equally delighted with its arrival! The Ming Dynasty plane. Lao Zhu finally breathed a sigh of relief. He nodded. "Although it went through many obstacles, it was finally completed!" "Very good, this is what our Chinese people should be like!" Lao Zhu laughed heartily. After encountering difficulties from foreign companies, future generations worked hard through their own efforts and finally completed this major project. Undoubtedly, he was particularly gratified. While feeling emotional, he couldn't help but yearn for that future generations even more. "Such a prosperous age is really fascinating!" At this moment, Lao Zhu's expectations for future generations of China have reached their peak. He can't wait to enter the future generations immediately. See the prosperity of the prosperous age with his own eyes. Go see more exciting people and things! However, although the West-East Gas Pipeline has been announced, Success.
But the video did not end. In the sky, the broadcast continued:.....Dry..
