Chapter 115 Ten times the weaving efficiency!Is this weaving?This is picking up money! 【Please subscribe】
And just as Chen Han and the others expected, Zhu Yuanzhang and his father came to attend the lecture just three days after Ling Han went up the mountain.
They not only took advantage of the time but also did it intentionally.
The course Chen Han is going to take today is small technology.
The textile technology of the Ming Dynasty was inherited from the Yuan Dynasty. Although there have been some small improvements over the years, the big aspects are still the same.
But now Chen Han wants to make some small improvements at this juncture.
Zhu Yuanzhang and the others came as expected and stood outside to eavesdrop or watch Chen Han's class.
But they didn't know that their whereabouts had actually been betrayed to Chen Han by their granddaughter (daughter). Girls are said to be outgoing, which can be seen from this.
Chen Han's classroom at this time no longer had him alone on the podium lecturing the children. There were even two looms in the classroom.
There were also two women invited by Chen Han who knew how to use looms.
Fortunately, when Ling Han and the others selected these people, they chose some women with textile skills, otherwise Chen Han would not be able to sing in the drama now.
As soon as Chen Han came into class, he briefly reviewed some recent technological knowledge with all his classmates.
These simple reviews allowed the children to clearly recall the technological process described by Chen Han during this period.
Whether it is papermaking and seismographs that began in the Han Dynasty, or gunpowder technology in the Tang and Song Dynasties, etc.
After sorting it out, Zhu Yuanzhang and the others also benefited a lot outside.
It turns out that as Chen Han said, the so-called ingenious tricks actually promoted the development of civilization to a certain extent.
If it weren't for these ingenious tricks that the literati said, they might even have very primitive writing brushes and paper.
Then Chen Han changed the subject and said, "Students!"
Ling Han was not accustomed to hearing his name at first, but over time he came to agree with it.
“Some of the technologies we mentioned seem far away from us, but some are indeed closely related to our lives.
Let’s not talk about papermaking and printing. Let’s talk about the clothes we wear and the fabrics we use. In fact, it can be said that it is constructed with a peak technology, but many times we regard it as ordinary.
It's not because there is a problem with our cognition, but because our textile technology reached its peak during the Eastern Han Dynasty, but it took more than a thousand years.
Our ancestors only made sporadic improvements on this basis.
Even because we can see it everywhere in our lives, we don't think that the textile machine is actually an extremely powerful invention.
It is no exaggeration to tell you that the innovation of textile technology has led to the greatest reform in human history - that is, the Industrial Revolution! "
These children were really frightened by this statement.
But after listening to Ling Han and others outside the window, they felt that it was quite reasonable. The more common and casual they are in daily life, the more people ignore their role.
People always think that major national affairs include war, territorial expansion, and political negotiations.
But they don’t know that the real big things are related to the national economy and people’s livelihood.
Home, country, country, home and country cannot be separated.
Then Chen Han came to the loom and spinning machine, pointed at the loom and said, "Students, this is an ordinary loom that weaves yarn into cloth.
The principle of the loom can be summarized in three main actions: inserting the weft thread, fastening the reed frame, and changing the warp thread. This cycle is repeated until a piece of cloth is woven. "
While talking, Chen Han asked the woman sitting next to him to start weaving.
This woman's craftsmanship is quite skillful.
The hands and feet are used together as the loom creaks, and the weft threads are intertwined up and down on the warp threads, and are compacted by the reed frame to form a whole.
Repeating the three actions over and over again, you can slowly see the tightly-fitting pieces of cloth forming.
The children gathered around the loom and watched with curiosity and interest in their eyes.
This also cultivated the curiosity of a large number of children. They did not expect that cloth was woven in this way.
Ling Han and the others outside still don't understand what Chen Han is going to do.
Looms have become very popular and common by now.
Could it be that he wanted to make some patterns on the loom? After the woman had weaved part of the cloth, Chen Han asked her to stop.
"Students, this is the process of weaving. Logically speaking, this weaving process is very common and not worth discussing again and again.
But let me tell you, sir, if there is something here that can increase the weaving speed by ten or twenty times, would you be shocked? "
I don't know if the students were shocked after Chen Han said this. After all, they had no common sense in this area.
But Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao, who were listening to the lecture outside, were extremely shocked after listening.
If the efficiency of weaving can really be improved so much, it will be a very important change for the whole world.
Why are many cotton fabrics relatively expensive nowadays? First of all, spinning is quite difficult. Growing cotton itself is a physical job, and spinning it into yarn is not easy. In addition, the efficiency of weaving is limited to small workshops or larger workshops.
Each piece of cloth is woven by workers bit by bit, and sometimes it takes lighting a lamp and boiling oil to make it.
It is very reasonable for him to sell such an energy-consuming thing at a high price.
Although Ling Han is now an official, he never saw his mother and sisters when he was a child. They worked day and night on the loom, but they could not weave much cloth.
These are among the few cash crops produced by the family every year.
And if we could increase the efficiency of weaving by ten or twenty times, what would that mean? This means that cotton fabrics on the market may not be so expensive in the future.
Thinking of this, Ling Han suddenly felt as if a heavenly gate had opened in front of him.
He now finally understood why Chen Han said that the development of the textile industry promoted the development of the entire industrial revolution. The original reason was here.
When Chen Han finished talking about how he could improve the efficiency of weaving by ten or twenty times, the middle-aged woman sitting next to him felt incredible at first.
She has been spinning for decades and has never heard of such technology.
Now her speed can be said to be very fast.
If you want to surpass her, you have to spin cotton non-stop.
After listening to these words, Zhu Yuanzhang and his father and son also felt that Chen Han was a little overconfident.
Chen Han held up this thing and showed it in front of everyone, "Look, this thing is called a shuttle.
What is it used for? "
Everyone stared at him.
Everyone wanted to guess what this thing was.
Chen Han explained: "We all know the three steps of weaving, threading the weft, fastening the reed frame, and changing the warp.
Fastening the reed frame is the simplest. You only need to buckle the fastening plate. Changing the warp thread is not a big problem as long as you coordinate your hands, eyes and feet.
And where is the most time wasted? "
One student shouted loudly: "Threading the weft!" Chen Han smiled and said: "Yes! It's just threading the weft."
When it came to threading the weft, Chen Han picked up the shuttle.
A piece of spindle-shaped wood with a slot inside, on which the weft is looped. When weaving, the shuttle is constantly shuttled between the upper and lower pairs of warp threads. This process is also the process of passing the weft threads.
After all, it is not easy to shuttle directly with the thread.
Chen Han continued: "The most time-consuming part in the weaving process is threading the weft and throwing the shuttle back and forth. It requires more than just the coordination of two hands.
Sometimes it is interspersed between two warp threads, causing it to get mixed up with the warp threads. In severe cases, the weft threads may be accidentally broken, which is very troublesome. "
After hearing Chen Han's words, the middle-aged woman replied: "I didn't expect Mr. Chen to know so much about weaving. You are indeed a learned gentleman.
You are absolutely right. Just wearing this thread will sometimes interrupt the weaving speed. "
Chen Han laughed after hearing this: "Let's see, show up and explain."
Then Chen Han said: "So in order to solve this thorny problem, we have invented this thing now. This thing is called a flying shuttle!"
Chen Han raised it in front of everyone, so that everyone could see it.
“The reason why it is called shuttle is that it is in the process of weaving.
This shuttle, unlike the shuttles we usually use, requires human hands to constantly throw it back and forth.
You only need to use a lever-like principle to operate. There is no need to throw back and forth with two hands. You only need to pull one of the ropes to control the entire shuttle to shuttle back and forth in the slot.
In this way, not only can the speed of beating up be greatly improved.
It can also greatly increase the width of the fabric.
After all, if the shuttle is thrown by hand, it will not only take a lot of time to throw back and forth, but also because the force is not that strong, the width of the weaving will always be limited to a narrow range. "
The lady next to me didn’t know what to say.
This lady is over 50 years old. She started learning weaving when she was 40 or [-] years old, and it has been [-] or [-] years now. She feels the same way.
Why have men always weaved and women spun? Just because men's strength is greater than women's.
They can throw the shuttle back and forth without getting too tired.
And when a skilled worker throws it, he can catch it very accurately.
And it can also prevent the warp from being broken during the shuttle process.
And if it is true as Chen Han said, there is no need to throw the shuttle back and forth, you only need to pull a rope to control the shuttle and shuttle back and forth in the slot.
Then it is really like what Chen Han said, by coordinating the left and right hands, you can control the shuttle with one hand and the reed frame with the other.
This not only increases the speed, but also reduces the workload.
Because when throwing the shuttle back and forth, both hands have to stop.
It is impossible to immediately compact the weft thread through the reed frame during the shuttle shuttle process, but needs to stop.
This seems to be an extra step.
The aunt's eyes lit up when she thought of this.
She has been weaving for so many years and has never thought about such a problem.
Although she is very skilled, she really doesn't dare to say that she can still fight with the speed of Chen Han's loom.
And Chen Han also quickly took out the parts he had produced in the past two days.
In fact, it is very simple. It is just a slot where you can put the shuttle. The inner wall has been coated with lard, making the entire slot very slippery. There are also simple springs on both ends to trap the shuttle in it. installation.
Chen Han set up the shuttle device and it became a British loom around 1777.
Then I demonstrated it once on the side.
Although he was not so skilled, when the aunt saw Chen Han pulling the shuttle with one hand, causing the shuttle to shuttle back and forth with the weft thread, he stepped on the pedal to control the warp lifting.
The other hand can pull the reed frame to reed the weft threads that have been intertwined with the warp threads.
And it really can achieve two hands working together at the same time.
In the card slot, the shuttle is fixed in it. It does not shift left, right, up and down, and the weft threads can be intertwined with the warp threads smoothly.
And it goes back and forth very quickly.
His mouth opened in surprise.
Chen Han's speed was not fast, and he even seemed a bit clumsy.
But she has been working with textiles her whole life.
The most common thing I did was to sit on the loom and weave cloth boringly.
But just by watching the shuttle constantly shuttle back and forth in the hands of a novice like Chen Han, she understood that such a fast weft threading speed had already defeated most skilled hands.
Seeing this, the lady's face was full of shock, and then she exclaimed: "This is too fast!"
It is indeed very fast, because this is a flying shuttle that was only invented in [-].
The invention of the flying shuttle, together with the spinning jenny, jointly created the prosperity of the textile industry.
In fact, it was precisely because of the invention of the flying shuttle that the efficiency of weaving was greatly improved and the demand for yarn was increased.
This is how the spinning jenny came into being.
So it was the shuttle that came first and then the spinning jenny, which complemented each other.
This is a mutual need for technological innovation.
The reason why the textile industry has produced so many inventions is because it is an industry closely related to people's lives.
The reason why Chen Han felt that there was a certain foundation for the industrial revolution in the Ming Dynasty.
It is precisely because of the prosperity of the British textile industry in 300 compared to more than [-] years later.
The textile industry of the Ming Dynasty has reached the pinnacle of technology.
In particular, the multi-heddle and multi-twin loom is the pinnacle of technology.
However, after the emergence of jacquard looms and multi-heddle and multi-twin looms in the Eastern Han Dynasty, it was not until Huang Daopo of the Yuan Dynasty that the technology improved to a certain extent.
Almost more than 1000 years passed during this period, and until the Qing Dynasty, there was no improvement in textile technology.
The only thing was that at the end of the Qing Dynasty, the British broke the market with very cheap woven cotton, and they finally came to their senses.
But at that time, technology was already very backward compared to the West.
Now Chen Han has advanced the use of the shuttle more than 300 years in the early Ming Dynasty. This is of great significance and can change the fate of the dynasty...
(End of this chapter)