Chapter 55 Zhu Yuanzhang is a person without any economic acumen
"What was the reason why the Song Dynasty was able to be so prosperous, able to produce the pinnacle of cultural undertakings, and able to tax more than 1 million taels of silver? We all know that their territory is much smaller than that of the unified dynasty, but in such a narrow area, they can actually create so much tax, we have to think about it.
The most important thing is that the Song Dynasty allowed the development of commerce. Taxes on commerce were large, but land taxes were much less.
Of course, I am not praising the Song Dynasty.
Because in the Song Dynasty, in addition to redundant officials and incompetent military performance, the Song Dynasty also exploited the people very seriously.
We only saw that the civil servants of the Song Dynasty lived a free and easy life, and only heard that the civil servants created extremely prosperous cultural undertakings.
But they ignore the reality that the people at the bottom are living a life worse than death.
that's why? The reason why I hate the Song Dynasty and also like the Song Dynasty.
Because the prosperity of the Song Dynasty and the enjoyment of civil servants and officials were all based on the cruel oppression of the common people.
It can be said that during the Song Dynasty, most people lived a very miserable life.
Only [-]% of the civil servant class enjoys unparalleled material comfort.
What's even more irritating is that the Song Dynasty did not develop its military industry or train its soldiers properly with the taxes collected, but used them entirely on raising officials and soldiers.
Therefore, even though the Song Dynasty had such a high service tax, it did not achieve proud military achievements. "
Ling Han couldn't listen anymore, "Teacher Xiao Chen, we mainly want to hear about the tax system of the Ming Dynasty."
On the one hand, Chen Han wanted to show off his skills in front of the girl, and on the other hand, he also wanted to pave the way: "Hey, village chief, don't be anxious. I'm just paving the way. We'll talk about tomorrow tomorrow!"
Chen Han sped up the progress: "In the Song Dynasty, this was not good and that was not good, but I have to say that there is a reason why his tax system was so perfect and he was able to receive such taxes.
First of all, the Song Dynasty's collection of commercial taxes was the highest in the entire unified dynasty, and it was also the most important. It also placed commercial taxes on the main collection objects, which was exactly the opposite of the Ming Dynasty.
There were mainly two types of commercial taxes in the Song Dynasty: injection tax and over-tax. Injection tax was a transaction tax, and most data recorded a tax rate of [-]%.
The over-tax is a commodity circulation tax rate of [-]%. However, this tax is actually low, much lower.
However, the commercial tax of the Song Dynasty promulgated the names of taxable goods at tax customs offices and transportation thoroughfares so that merchants could understand them. This was very transparent and quite good.
At the same time, the tax system of the Song Dynasty was more equal, and taxes were mainly based on the land owned by farmers. This was much more advanced than the Ming Dynasty, which tied people and land together and did not pay taxes based on the amount of land.
Another point is that the Song Dynasty made many improvements in the government-run economy, which stimulated the common development of agriculture, handicrafts and commerce.
Of course, the most important thing to say is that the Song Dynasty allowed land sales.
It will force large amounts of land to fall into the hands of a small number of people, increasing intensification and productivity. Most people who lose their land do not need to pay land tax and thus become handicraftsmen or traders, stimulating commerce.
This is something that Ming Dynasty can learn from. "
Chen Han said and took another sip of water.
Zhu Yuanzhang and his son listened thoughtfully.
"The reason why I say that Emperor Zhu Yuanzhang did not know how to take advantage of this, and even said that his vision was too limited, is because the Ming Dynasty focused most of its tax revenue sources on land taxes.
The household registration policy thus introduced is also to bind people and land example, the people are divided into civilian households, military households, merchant households, and craftsman households. People need to be guided by roads to travel, which seriously limits the exchanges between people and the vitality of the people.
In comparison, the Song Dynasty was not as absolute in population restrictions as the Ming Dynasty.
If the Ming Dynasty wanted to do it, it would not need to be like the extremely heavy taxes in the Song Dynasty, and it would not need to coerce the people.
The territory of the Ming Dynasty was much larger than that of the two Song Dynasties. As long as commercial taxes were reasonably arranged, the money bag of the Ming Dynasty could be bulging. "
After hearing these words, Zhu Yuanzhang and Zhu Biao and his son fell into deep thinking.
Especially Zhu Yuanzhang, he was actually very uncomfortable with what Chen Han said. He had indeed looked down on those traders since he was a child, and he was particularly disgusted.
So after he ascended the throne, he restricted these traders everywhere.
They were not allowed to wear silk, and their children and grandchildren were not allowed to take the imperial examination.
His original intention was to restrict the large flow of population and create a stable environment, while at the same time consciously guiding the people to form a consensus that there was no future in doing business.
So much so that the entire Ming Dynasty has been promoted by him for more than 20 years.
The common people have even accepted a point of view, that is, what is the difference between those who do business and those who do business blindly? Even because of his talent system, the sons of businessmen could not take the imperial examination, allowing more scholars from peasant families to obtain tax exemptions and exemptions after the imperial examination.
If ordinary farmers’ children are rooted in the Haoshou Qiong Sutra, thinking about leaping over the dragon’s gate and changing their current situation, then who is willing to go into business?Who can still look up to traders? To be honest, even though Zhu Yuanzhang's idea has been passed down to this day, many people of the older generation still think so.
Only reading is the greatest future, and everything else is useless.
Only by being an official can you be successful. Otherwise, even if you are a billionaire, you are not as noble as the small section chief in our county.
Chen Han's eloquent talk really opened Zhu Youwei's eyes.
I didn't expect Chen Han to be so knowledgeable.
Zhu Youwei also didn't expect that because she was on the side, she stimulated Chen Han's desire to express himself and Chen Han's desire to compete.
Chen Han continued, "Now let's go back to the Ming Dynasty, village chief, the tax system you mentioned is actually very interesting."
After Ling Han heard that Chen Han had analyzed the Song Dynasty, he admired Chen Han quite a lot.
So I quickly asked, “What kind of interesting method is this?
Teacher Xiao Chen, you have to tell me clearly, so that I can show off well in front of those people sent by the superiors, and be able to be as eloquent as you. "
In fact, Ling Han now only wants to understand the shortcomings of the Ming Dynasty's tax system.
Chen Han laughed: "Okay, okay! I will tell you in detail."
……
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(End of this chapter)